The Four I's of Animal Suffering

The four "I‘s" of animal suffering

There are four situations where humans are directly responsible for animal suffering -called the four "Is":

• Ignorance - not knowing what to do or claiming this in defence.

• Inexperience - knowing what to do, but not knowing how to do it.

• Incompetence - knowing what to do and how to do it, but inability to do it.

• Inconsideration - being able to do it, but not caring.

(From Gregory, N (1988). Animal Welfare and Meat Science, CAB 1998, taken from Clive Dalton's blog: http://woolshed1.blogspot.co.uk/2008_11_01_archive.html)